AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS is a serious health threat to immunodeficiency syndrome in this century. The AIDS virus attacks T4 lymphocytes, destroys the immune system, and causes other illnesses in patients, leading to death. Patients die of other infections, not AIDS. 

Story 

 Since its violent discovery in the United States in 1981, it has threatened the entire population. The virus is believed to originate from the  African savanna monkey and infects the African population in 1960. The AIDS virus was uniquely discovered  in France and the United States. Millions of people today America Europe Africa and Asia are suffering from AIDS, and  some areas are affected by annual deaths. Asia is considered to be a major region of high infection due to its high population density, high blood donors and the  use of traditional syringes due to prostitution and earthquakes. 

Temporary agent 

 AIDS is caused by HIV. In other words, the human immunodeficiency virus, which is a retrovirus, is a virus containing RNA. This RNA has the ability to form DNA by reverse transcription. This AIDS virus has a  core made of RNA surrounded by a protein shell. There are two identical RNA molecules  associated with two  reverse transcriptase enzyme molecules. All RNA molecules are single-stranded and the protein shell is composed of two layers. The internal protein binds to RNA and reverse transcriptase and  is composed of the P24 protein type. The outer shell is composed of P18  protein type, and the protein shell is surrounded by  lipid shell i. E is composed of two lipid layers, which are derived from the host cell. Two types of glycoproteins (proteins related to sugars) are associated with these lipid layers.

 This plus-stranded RNA forms a copy of single-stranded DNA with the help of reverse transcriptase, called copy  DNA (c-DNA), which then becomes double-stranded, and then  of messenger RNA. Form copies in sequence Synthesize proteins. 

 

Incubation period 

 The incubation period for AIDS is 15 to 57 months, and in some cases up to 10 years. HIV-positive people do not show  symptoms of AIDS, only 10% develop the disease, such people die within 3 years, and others remain carriers of the  virus. 

 

Age and gender distribution 

 It mainly affects young adults. In the United States, men are more affected than women, but in Africa, both men and women are equally affected. 

 

 Risk group: 

1.  Includes homosexual and heterosexual men who have sexual relationships with multiple partners. 
2.  intravenous drug addicts 
3.  hemophiliacs 
4.  recipients of transfused blood and blood products. transmission 

 AIDS is transmitted almost exclusively via blood and semen during intimate sexual intercourse as intimate sexual contact with fluid exchange when a partner is infected. 

1.  Use a contaminated needle and syringe to inject the drug or vaccine. 
2.  Use a contaminated razor and a contaminated needle to pierce the nose and pinna. 
3.  Transfusion of blood or blood products. 
4.  Organ transplant. 6 Artificial insemination 
5.  Prenatal transmission from an infected mother to the foetation. 
6.  Sexually transmitted diseases account for more than 75% of infectious diseases. 

 AIDS is not an infectious disease and cannot be transmitted through mosquitoes, handshakes, or intimate physical contact. The AIDS virus comes into contact with the host's blood. It does not cause AIDS. 

 

 Symptoms 

 Symptoms include direct brain damage, memory loss  (ability to think and speak), decreased intramembrane T4 lymphocytes (helper T cells), and lymphocyte stimulation to not produce antibodies. It will be. This destroys the body's immune system and makes patients victims of many infections and cancers. Unexplained fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes in the throat and abdomen, diarrhea, cough, and night sweats. The two most common illnesses in AIDS patients are pneumonia and cancer of the skin and mouth. With AIDS, patients die of secondary infections, not the AIDS virus. 

 

  AIDS detection test: 

 AIDS patients have circulating antibodies that are easily detected by ELISA  and Western blot tests, which are used to identify these circulating antibodies. Stage of HIV infection: 

 There are four stages of HIV infection that depend on the factors: I.E General health, lifestyle and diet  

 Level 1: Infection 

 The HIV virus grows rapidly in the body after infection. Some people have short-term symptoms such as headaches, fever, and sore throat. 

 Level 2: Asymptomatic: 

 As the name implies, the virus does not cause any signs or symptoms in the process. And while the person may look and feel good, the virus constantly weakens the body's immune system, a stage that can last for years, on average  8 to 10 years. 

Level 3 Symptomatic

 As the name implies, the symptoms appear in the human body for the first time in a long time, the immune system is damaged, and the HIV virus indicates that the symptoms can be mild to severe. Symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and severe diarrhea appear on the body. 

 Level 4 Progress from HIV to AIDS: 

  HIV stays in the body for a long time and progresses from HIV to AIDS. Therefore, there is more than one AIDS test. The entire course of HIV disease  is described in stages, and it is  inevitable that a person will progress from stage 1  to stage 4 infection. 

 The treatments for the AIDS virus are: 

1.  Antiviral therapy for HIV. 
2.  Immune stimulation therapy to increase tolerance. 
3.  Several vaccines and drugs have been found that do not cure 100%. A vaccine called Immune RGP160 is becoming more and more popular for the prevention of illness. One drug is AZT (azidothyamidine), which is  effective in destroying the viral envelope and the immunity of  reverse transcriptase. This drug simply extends the lifespan of many AIDS patients. 44 Gene therapy is also being attempted. 

 

 Prevention: 

 The following steps will help control the spread of these diseases. 

•  Provide AIDS education. 
•  Use of disposable needles and syringes. 
•  Drug addicts should use clean needles. 44 Forced AIDS testing for all blood donors. 
•  Avoid extramarital relationships. 
•  Prostitution prohibition. 
•  Positive people must absolutely avoid sexual contact and pregnancy. 
•  AIDS tests should be performed on all donors (blood, semen, organs) and growth hormone. None risk groups should refrain from donating blood.

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